Physics Department
PHYS 1P21/1P91
Outline
Textbook
Homework
Introduction
Kinematics
Dynamics
Rotational Motion
Work, energy and Momentum
Oscillations and Waves
Formula Sheet
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OscillationsWaves
Mechanics and Waves
Introduction
Kinematics: motion in one and two dimensions
Dynamics
Rotational motion
Work, energy, momentum
Oscillations and waves
Simple harmonic oscillator (SHO)
ideal spring,
Hooke's Law
Ex:
stretching a spring
position,velocity and acceleration
of oscillating object
Analogy between UCM and SHO
equations of motion:
displacement
,
velocity
,
acceleration
MC:
Where is maximum acceleration?
MC:
effect of mass on frequency
MC:
total distance travelled
MC:
time for total distance travelled
Ex:
spring constant and frequency of oscillations
Ex:
maximum force and spring constant
Vertical Springs
Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
energy
bar diagrams
MC:
doubling the amplitude
MC:
doubling the amplitude II
MC:
interpreting graphs
Ex:
Determine the frequency
Ex:
horizontal launching
Ex:
velocity in mid cycle
Waves in elastic media
Introduction to Mechanical Waves
transverse
and
longitudinal
waves
period, wavelength, velocity
Sound Waves
in a gas
:
pressure peaks and valleys
particle speed does not equal wave speed
MC:
Wave speed vs. particle speed I
MC:
Wave speed vs. particle speed II
MC:
Wave speed vs. particle speed III
speed of wave depends on the medium
speed of sound depends on material
Speed of transverse waves on string depends on tension and linear mass density
MC:
Which properties are related to wave speed?
MC:
Can a wave accelerate?
Ex:
transverse waves on a string
Ex:
determining acceleration due to gravity
waves transport momentum and energy:
dominoes analogy
Interference: the fundamental difference between waves and particles
interference:
the principle of linear superpostion
constructive
versus
destructive
interference
making standing waves
making standing water waves
standing waves on a string
Transverse Standing Waves
MC:
standing waves I
MC:
standing waves II
Ex:
a violin
transverse and longitudinal waves move with different speed in same medium
Ex:
Seismograph
and
Seismograms
Ex:
Seismology
S-waves
,
P-waves
Ex:
Seismology
structure of earth
Ex:
v
l
vs. v
t
,
scorpion and beetle
problem
Mathematics of waves
Ex:
using the wave equation I
Ex:
using the wave equation II
Sound waves
Loudness and Amplitude
waves transport energy:
intensity of sound
decibel scale for intensities
Ex:
an amplified guitar
Pitch and Frequency
Doppler effect for a moving source
Ex:
trumpet of a marching band
Doppler effect for a moving observer
Ex:
riding away from a siren
Optical Doppler Shift:
Edwin Hubble
Optical Doppler Shift:
expansion of the universe
Timbre and Interference
the principle of linear superpostion
constructive
and
destructive
interference of sound waves
Ex:
phase difference and interference
adding waves, a standing wave, beats
--> <
adding waves
beats
: adding waves of different frequencies
Ex:
Tuning forks and beat frequencies
making standing waves
making standing water waves
standing waves on a string
Resonance
Transverse Standing Waves
Ex:
a violin
Longitudinal Standing Waves
Ruben's Tube
Ex:
air columns
Harmonics and Octaves on a piano
Complex Waveforms
Waves in elastic media
transverse
and
longitudinal
waves
energy and momentum transfer (dominoes analogy)
period, wavelength, velocity
sound wave
,
pressure peaks and valleys
Ex:
transverse waves on a string
Ex:
determining acceleration due to gravity
speed of the wave depends on the medium:
solids
, liquids, gases
Ex:
v
l
vs. v
t
,
scorpion and beetle
problem
Sound waves
waves transport energy:
intensity of sound
decibel scale for intensities
Ex:
an amplified guitar
Doppler effect for a moving source
Ex:
trumpet of a marching band
Doppler effect for a moving observer
Ex:
riding away from a siren
Mathematics of waves
Ex:
using the wave equation I
Ex:
using the wave equation II
the principle of linear superpostion
constructive
and
destructive
interference of sound waves
Ex:
phase difference and interference
Principle of linear superposition and interference phenomena
adding waves, a standing wave, beats
Ex:
Tuning forks and beat frequencies
Transverse Standing Waves
Longitudinal Standing Waves
Ex:
air columns
Diffraction
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Updated: 18-Mar-2024 15:22