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\date{December 2025}
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\JournalInfo{Brock Physics Reports, Vol. 2025, No. xx, xx--xx, 2025} % Journal information
\PaperTitle{Remote sensing of temperature using black-body radiation spectroscopy}
\Authors{Jane Doe\textsuperscript{1}}
\affiliation{\textsuperscript{1}\textit{Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario}}
\Keywords{optical spectroscopy, blackbody radiation}
\Archive{} %Additional note}
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\Abstract{\lipsum[10]}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}

\lipsum[20]

\begin{figure}[htp]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Cscale.png}
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Kscale.png}
  \end{center}
  \caption[Temperature scales]{{\bf Temperature scales} in comparison. Here, $T_{\rm C} = T_{\rm K} - 273K$, so $T=5,000$K becomes $5,000 - 273 = 4,727^\circ$C. Reproduced from~\cite{TemperatureScales} under Creative Commons license.}
  \label{fig:tempscales}
\end{figure}
\lipsum[20]

\lipsum[20]
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centerline{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,trim=0cm 2cm 0cm 0cm,clip]{page06.png}}
  \caption[Black-body radiation spectra]{{\bf Black-body radiation spectra} show the intensity of light as a function of wavelength, for various temperatures. As the temperature changes, the peak intensity shifts, and the colour that we perceive changes. The highlighted area near 1500~nm points out that even far away from the peak intensity, the curves for different temperatures differ from each other. Reproduced from~\cite{BBradiation}. The insert shows a typical label from a commercial LED light bulb package.}
  \label{fig:BBradiation}
\end{figure}
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:BBradiation}.
\lipsum[5]

\section{Materials and methods}

Experiments to measure the light spectra emitted by various light bulbs, with various temperature ratings were performed using an optical spectrometer, shown in
\begin{figure}
   \centerline{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ThunderOptics.jpg}}
   \caption[Optical Spectrometer]{{\bf Optical Spectrometer} used for measurement of intensity of light at different wavelengths, {\it i.e.} a spectrum.}
   \label{fig:spectrometer}
 \end{figure}
Fig.~\ref{fig:spectrometer}. 
\lipsum[5]

\subsection{Calibration of wavelength}

To figure out which pixels on the webcam correspond to which wavelength, I first used two different laser pointers, one red and one green. Lasers have very special spectra, each a narrow line of a single colour, just a few pixels wide on the screen. Using two laser pointers allowed me to measure the true wavelengths for two pixels, and drawing a straight line between these two points gave me calibrated values for all pixels between them. 
\begin{figure}[tbp]
  \centerline{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{two_laser_lines.png}}
  \caption[A spectrum of light from two monochromatic sources]{{\bf A spectrum of light from two laser pointers} shows two sharp lines of single colour (monochromatic), one green one red. Knowing their true wavelengths as written on the laser pointers, tells us which pixels on the webcam correspond to which wavelength. The spectrum obtained using online software~\cite{WebCamSpectroscopy}.
}
  \label{fig:lasers}
\end{figure}
Fig.~\ref{fig:lasers} shows a spectrum of light from a combination of two laser pointers. The sharp lines represent a single colour each, and laser light sources are called monochromatic.

Other light sources have many colors in them. For example, a tanning lamp contains vapor of mercury. As the mercury atoms emit light, the wavelengths of that light is fixed and can be found in reference books. The strongest lines are at 365.0153, 398.3931, 404.6563, 435.8328, 546.0735, 576.9598, and 579.0663~nm~\cite{NIST}. So an even better calibration can be obtained by using a mercury spectrum with many lines, as shown in
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \makeatletter%
  \if@twocolumn%
    \centerline{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Hg_spectrum.png}}
    \centerline{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{calibration.png}}
  \else% \@twocolumnfalse
    \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{Hg_spectrum.png}}
    \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{calibration.png}}
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  \makeatother
  \caption[A spectrum containing well known lines of mercury]{{\bf A spectrum containing well known lines of mercury} from a tanning lamp. As the mercury atoms emit light, the known wavelengths of that light can be used for a multi-point calibration, better than the two-point calibration using laser pointers.}
  \label{fig:tanning_lamp}
\end{figure}
Fig.~\ref{fig:tanning_lamp}. After mapping the pixels along the webcam image of known spectral lines to their wavelengths we know where the particular color is. The line on that graph shows how we translate pixels to wavelengths for all spectra measured after this calibration.


\section{Results}

\lipsum[30]

\section{Discussion and conclusions}

\lipsum[30]

\section*{Acknowledgements}

I would like to thank ...

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\end{document}
