Physics@Brock

Physics Department

PHYS 1P23/93

Solids+Fluids

Heat+Thermodynamics

Waves+Sound

Light+Optics

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Home > Courses > 1P23_Sternin > Heat

Solids and fluids
Heat and Thermodynamics
- Heat and temperature
  - 0th law of thermodynamics: thermal equilibrium
  - temperature scales: absolute, Celsius, Fahrenheit
  - thermal expansion: length, area, volume
  - volume and linear thermal expansion coefficients are related
  - Ex: density of water, why does ice float?
  - Ex: SR-71 Blackbird
  - Ex: trains run on "long strips of metal"
  - heat capacity and specific heat
  - Ex: calorie is not "Calorie"
  - Ex: calorimetry: keeping the labels straight
  - Ex: the phase diagram of water
  - phase equilibrium and latent heat
  - Ex: the critical point of benzene
  - heat transport: conduction, convection, radiation
- The ideal gas and the gas laws
  - the equation of state, pV = Nk_BT
  - Boltzmann constant, k_B=1.38x10^-23J/K
  - particular cases: p=const (isobaric), T=const (isothermal), V=const (isometric)
  - isotherms and isobars
  - Avogadro's number, N_A=6.022x10²³ molecules/mol
  - universal gas constant R=8.31 J/(mol.K)=0.0821 (l.atm)/(mol.K)
  - Ex: volume of 1 mole of gas
  - kinetics of ideal gas molecules: elastic collisions with the walls
  - Maxwell's speed distribution
  - statistical characteristics of distributions: v_{most probable} or v_rms or v_average ?
- Heat engines
  - 1st law of thermodynamics: heat is a form of energy, U=+Q-W
  - work W=pV for p=const
  - Ex: isothermal expansion
  - Ex: Q=0 (no heat flow, adiabatic)
  - combining isothermal with adiabatic processes allows thermal cycles
  - heat engines and Carnot cycle
  - Ex: Otto internal combustion cycle
  - 2nd law of thermodynamics: perfect heat-to-work conversion is not possible
  - Ex: the Stirling engine
  - Ex: refrigeration
  - Ex: violating laws of TD
- Entropy
  - entropy and the 2nd law
  - time's arrow and the fate of the Universe
  - 3rd law of thermodynamics: absolute T=0 is not attainable
Waves and Sound
Light and Optics