PHYS 2P30 course outline
Instructor: E.Sternin
What Brock calendar entry says:

Conduction in metals and semi-conductors; circuit analysis; time-dependent currents, transients, AC circuits, filters, resonance; semi-conductor junction, diode and transistor; rectification, switching and amplification; operational amplifiers; combinatorial logic and circuits; sequential circuits, counters; analog-to-digital conversion; laboratory instruments.

Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.

Note: no previous course in electricity/magnetism/electronics is required. Secondary school algebra and some basic calculus will be used in the quantitative sections. Materials fee required. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term.

Completion of this course will replace previously obtained grade and credit in PHYS 2P31.

What do I need to bring into the course?

Prerequisites: PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended); PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended); one MATH credit or permission of the instructor.

Textbook

It is possible to take a class without a textbook, relying on the internet resources, or with any of the textbooks listed in the References. However, Robert E. Simpson, Introductory Electronics, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., is highly recommended. It is an example of a "keeper" book, useful as a reference in later years. The book is out-of-print and cannot be ordered through the Campus Store. Students are encouraged to look for a used copy, or order online. Several copies are available to borrow from the Physics Office, B210.

Topics to be covered

This is only an approximate listing, some topics may not get covered this year. As time allows, other topics not listed here may be included.

  • Basic physical concepts
    • charge, voltage, current, resistance, power
  • DC circuits
    • circuit reduction
    • Kirchhoff's rules
    • equivalent circuits
  • Transient currents
    • capacitors, inductors
    • generalization of Ohm's Law
    • MATH: simple differential equations
    • resonance phenomena
  • Sinusoidal currents, simple AC circuits
    • MATH: complex numbers
    • phasors
    • time- and frequency-domain descriptions of AC circuits
    • Fourier transform
    • resonant circuits and their analysis, Q factor
    • RC and RL circuits as filters; decibels
    • AC equivalent circuits
    • transformers
  • Non-linear circuit elements
    • elementary physics of semiconductors, pn-junction
    • diodes and rectifiers
    • transistors and their use as switches and amplifiers
    • bipolar transistors and JFETs
  • Operational amplifiers
    • general amplifier theory; feedback
    • op-amp concepts: virtual ground, summing point
    • simple op-amp circuits
    • math operations using op-amps
    • signal modulation and de-modulation
    • lock-in amplifier
  • Noise
  • Mathematics of Digital Circuits
    • binary and other encodings
    • Boolean algebra
    • truth tables
    • basic logic gates
    • logic families
  • Combinatorial Logic Devices
    • encoders/decoders
    • bus drivers
    • 7-segment displays
  • Sequential Logic Devices
    • flip-flops
    • synchronous and asynchronous counters
  • Digital I/O and Communications
    • serial vs. parallel
  • Complex Digital Circuitry
    • computer architecture
    • microprocessors
    • DSPs
    • Programmable Logic Arrays
  • Analog-to-Digital and Back
    • A-to-D and D-to-A converters
    • sensors and transducers
    • control and time sequencing
  • Microcontroller-Based Devices
    • microcontroller architecture
    • PIC microcontrollers
    • assembly-language programming
Tests and the grading scheme
Component Worth Comments
Homework 20% Expect a homework assignment every week or so; full marks given for demonstrated effort. Late penalty is a sinking cap of 15%/day.
Labs 32% All labs must be completed, and all lab reports submitted.
Midterm 10% An in-class written test: problems similar to homework, full marks require correct answers.
Final 30% A written final: problems similar to homework, full marks require correct answers. 50% minimum to pass the course.
8% A lab test: analysis of a "black-box" (unknown) circuit.
Expectations and responsibilities

Here is a summary of our expectations of you, which are your responsibilities. You are expected to:

  • attend each scheduled lecture and laboratory session;
  • do your work honestly and maintain academic integrity;
    Academic misconduct is a serious offence. The principle of academic integrity, particularly of doing one’s own work, documenting properly (including use of quotation marks, appropriate paraphrasing and referencing/citation), collaborating appropriately, and avoiding misrepresentation, is a core principle in university study. Students should consult “Academic Misconduct” section in the Undergraduate Calendar to view a fuller description of prohibited actions, and the procedures and penalties. The University takes academic misconduct extremely seriously and will follow its strict procedures to the letter in all cases.

    A helpful website explains Brock's Academic Integrity Policy. Please consult it, as all students are expected to know and abide by its provisions.

  • complete each test, using only the materials that have been authorized for use, such as a non-graphics calculator and writing instruments;
  • attend labs having prepared in advance by reading relevant parts of the lab manual, and having completed the prelab problems.

And most important of all, you must take responsibility for your own learning. The lectures are there to guide you and assist you, but only you can actually do the hard work of learning the course material. To get the most out of the course, work on it a little bit every day. Daily work is key for placing your learning in long-term memory, where it will be readily available to help you to advance your knowledge in second year and beyond - and acing the final exam, of course. Cramming on the night before may place the material in your short-term memory and you might even do fine on a weekly test, where the amount of new material is relatively small, but this approach will fail miserably on the final exam.

Your instructor will provide weekly textbook chapter references; read through those section. The best way is to read them twice: once before the lectures, just to orient yourself in the material, to identify those parts that seem like they might need extra time and attention. Make a note of the questions that arise in your mind. The lecture should answer some of them, and if it does not, raise your hand and ask! It is likely that many others have the same question. After the lecture, read the textbook again, with a pen and paper in hand, repeating all derivations on your own, trying every solved example before looking at the solution, then solving every follow-up questions at the end of the section. Only one half of them have answers; you must learn to have enough confidence in your skills to solve even those problems where the answer is not known in advance. The odd-numbered problems will allow your to make sure, and the even-numbered ones will allow you to test yourself. Both are integral to the learning process.

Use your time effectively. Study smart, instead of hard. Ask questions in class. Your instructor has an open-door policy, so outside of a few restricted hours, you are always welcome to come and ask a question one-on-one. Do not wait until you have a "worthy" pageful of questions - that's too long to let them fester unanswered. There is also a Physics Help Desk, with TAs available to help out. Find out where and when it is held, and come often. It is better to come three times with one or two questions than once with a list accumulated over the past several weeks, when things get too desperate. Asking questions is a sign of active learning, not a sign of weakness.

Intellectual Property Notice

All slides, presentations, handouts, tests, exams, and other course materials created by the instructor in this course are the intellectual property of the instructor. A student who publicly posts or sells an instructor’s work, without the instructor’s express consent, may be charged with misconduct under Brock’s Academic Integrity Policy and/or Code of Conduct, and may also face adverse legal consequences for infringement of intellectual property rights.

Use of Generative AI (GenAI)

In the age of GenAI (e.g., ChatGPT), our expectation of you remains the same as it ever was: original academic work, following the instructions of the assignment determined by the instructor for this course for requirements, expectations, and parameters for completion and submission of your work for grading. Therefore, the use of GenAI tools and GenAI-generated content is not allowed (unless explicitly requested/instructed) as a resource or source for answers and discussion in submitted work. Unauthorized use of GenAI will be treated as an academic misconduct.

You probably won’t find much use of GenAI in this course anyway, even when writing something like a lab report. Why? GenAI doesn’t know what you did in the lab. GenAI may know a lot about the overall idea you were studying, but not how you demonstrated it. In your lab reports, your answers and discussion need to relate to what you did and the data you took.

Important dates

Please be aware of all the important dates, such as the first/last days of classes, snow days and reading week, as well as the deadline for withdrawal without academic penalty. For the current academic term, this information can be found here.

Relationship between attendance and grades

Unless the instructor announces otherwise, students are expected to attend all classes and labs and must submit all assignments in order to pass this course.

Accommodations

The University is committed to fostering an inclusive and supportive environment for all students and will adhere to the Human Rights principles that ensure respect for dignity, individualized accommodation, inclusion and full participation. The University provides a wide range of resources to assist students, as follows:

  1. If you require academic accommodation because of a disability or an ongoing health or mental health condition, please contact Student Accessibility Services at askSAS@brocku.ca or 905 688 5550 ext. 3240.
  2. Medical Self-Declaration Forms (brief absence up to 72 hours)

    In the case of a short-term medical circumstance, if a student wishes to seek an academic consideration, please use the Medical Self-Declaration Form. The request is to be made in good faith by the student requesting the academic consideration due to a short-term condition that impacts their academic activities (e.g., participation in academic classes, delay in assignments, etc.). The period of this short-term medical condition for academic consideration must fall within a 72-hour (3 day) period. The form must be submitted to the instructor either during your brief absence or if you are too unwell, within 24 hours of the end of your 3 day brief absence.

    Medical Verification Form (extended duration)

    In cases where a student requests academic consideration due to a medical circumstance that exceeds 72 hours (three days) and will impact their academic activities (e.g., participation in academic classes, delay in assignments, etc.), or in the case of a final exam deferral, the medical verification form must be signed by the student and the health professional as per process set out in the Faculty Handbook III:9.4.1.

  3. If you are experiencing mental health concerns, contact the Student Wellness and Accessibility Centre. Good2Talk is a service specifically for post-secondary students, available 24/7, 365 days a year, and provides anonymous assistance. Follow the above link or call 1-866-925-5454. For information on wellness, coping and resiliency, visit: Brock University (Mental Health).
  4. If you require academic accommodation on religious grounds, you should make a formal, written request to your instructor(s) for alternative dates and/or means of satisfying requirements. Such requests should be made during the first two weeks of any given academic term, or as soon as possible after a need for accommodation is known to exist.
  5. If you have been affected by sexual violence, the Human Rights & Equity Office offers support, information, reasonable accommodations, and resources through the Sexual Violence Support & Education Coordinator. For information on sexual violence, visit Brock's Sexual Assault and Harassment Policy or contact the Sexual Violence Support & Response Coordinator at humanrights@brocku.ca or 905 688 5550 ext. 4387.
  6. If you have experienced discrimination or harassment on any of the above grounds, including racial, gender or other forms of discrimination, contact the Human Rights and Equity Office at humanrights@brocku.ca.

For a full description of academic policies in the Faculty of Mathematics and Science, consult brocku.ca/mathematics-science/